The joss paper trail
August 13, 2008 News 3 CommentsA few customers have expressed curiosity about one of our best-selling folk art products–joss paper, also known as tea paper. Its iridescent coloring and delicate texture make the paper a unique decorative item or wrapping, and folks seem to love buying it in batches for their creative projects. But many probably don’t know that before the modern world picked up on it as a cheap but lively craft material, joss paper was a sacrificial offering to the gods.
Historically, people have burned joss paper in funeral or ancestral worship ceremonies to symbolize money. (That might seem a bit excessive compared to austere Western funeral rites, but it’s actually a pretty practical way of paying tribute frugally, and solves the problem of adjusting for inflation in the eternal afterlife.)
According to the reference site China Style, joss paper has a colorful history, dating back to feudal times.
Feudal China was backward in many ways. Most laboring people toiled year after year without enough to eat and wear. The farmers longed for a bumper harvest, the handicraftsmen hoped to have a brisk market, the fishermen prayed for a large catch, the silkworm raisers wished for a cocoon boom. Everyone wanted a healthy and prosperous family free from being bullied and oppressed by local corrupt officials. These hopes and desires were vividly expressed in a unique folk art form popularly known as zhi ma (paper joss, or paper horse, or paper-horse print) . Zhi ma was also called jia ma (first-rate horse). It was printed with the images of deities, gods and immortals created by the ancient people, which they worshiped and prayed to for blessings and happiness. paper joss was produced by carving the outline in relief of the god’s image on a woodblock and then printing it in ink lines on colored paper . The prints were then burned as offerings and sacrifices. A historical study has shown that the paper horse or paper- horse print was originally printed with the additional image of a horse on which the god was said to ascend to heaven. thus, from the song Dynasty (960-1279 ) on, paper joss was known primarily as paper horse. The emergence of paper joss was closely connected with totems in ancient China.
According to historical records, most people in ancient China used to wear and hang up paper charms to celebrate festivals. For instance, on the first five days of lunar May, people put up the “Five- thunder Amulet” and wore small paper charms. On the fifteenth day of lunar August, they offered sacrifices to the moon. in the meantime, the print workshops put moonlight prints on the market for sale. They featured a full moon with a Buddha seated on a lotus base and, nearby, a little rabbit standing on its hind legs grinding medicinal herbs in a mortar. These prints ranged in size from a square cun (3. 3 cm) to a square zhang (3.3m)4. On the twenty-fourth day of lunar December, people used to feed fodder to the Kitchen God’s horse, believing that the venerable god would ascend to heaven on it. And on the twenty-fifth, people burned joss-sticks to greet the jade Emperor, who would descend from heaven to inspect worldly affairs.
Nowadays, joss paper has largely lost its traditional sacred role, but it’s still apparently pretty useful for worldly affairs, minus the divine oversight.
How have you used joss paper? If you’ve got a fun craft project or another interesting application for the stuff, let us know by posting a comment.




